The challenge of rapid growth of Indian cities lies not just in accommodating the surging demands but also in crafting sustainable and future-ready urban landscapes. Cities are faced with a crucial choice for managing growth. The first option leans toward low-density layouts, resulting in increased distances between work and residence—an approach that can inadvertently promote urban sprawl. The second option, known as transit-oriented development (TOD), seeks high-density layouts where residential, commercial, and other developments are strategically positioned within the city. TOD envisions vibrant urban spaces that facilitate living and working within walking distance of efficient rapid transit systems. This approach fosters inclusivity, catering to diverse age groups and income brackets. 

Cities like Mumbai and Ahmedabad have made notable strides in managing densification. For instance, Ahmedabad’s Development Plan 2021 envisions improved streets, enhanced public realms, and infrastructure upgrades for emerging residential zones.